We study the evolutionary processes shaping genome evolution and the genetic mechanisms underlying adaptations and species-specific traits. Of particular interest to us are the factors that limit the rate of adaptation and the extent to which the genetic basis of organismal phenotypic diversity is predictable.  To do this, we aim to generate and analyse innovative experimental data by bringing together aspects of functional/phylo/population-genomics, ecology, biochemistry and molecular genetics. We work at a variety of scales, from the dissection of repeated adaptation in a single protein (Na+,K+-ATPase) to the characterization of changes in gene regulatory networks underlying phenotypes like pigmentation and morphology to inferences about processes underlying genome evolution and speciation. We study these fundamental questions using a wide variety of model and non-model organisms, including Drosophila, butterflies and other insects, fish, reptiles and amphibians.